What is FeLV?
Feline Leukemia Virus is one of the most common infectious diseases in cats. It’s sometimes confused with FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus), but is a very different disease. FeLV is more easily spread from infected to non-infected cats through bites or grooming, or from a mother cat with the virus to her kittens in utero or while nursing. The incidence of FeLV is relatively low – 2-3%. However, in cats that are allowed outdoors, both the incidence and risk of being infected is much higher.
How do I know my cat has FeLV?
Two blood tests are commonly utilized to diagnose FeLV in cats. An ELISA blood test (also referred to as SNAP test) will detect the presence of free FeLV particles in the bloodstream. For cats that show FeLV positive (FeLV+) in the ELISA test, a second IFA test (also known as a PCR) will confirm FeLV+.
In the early stage of the disease, there may be no clinical signs of illness. In the later stage (this could be weeks, months or years later) the infected cat may show repeated and progressing symptoms. The symptoms are wide ranging, and could very well NOT be FeLV, so it’s important to have your veterinarian evaluate your cat any time something seems different than the norm.
How do I treat my cat who is FeLV+?
There is currently no cure for FeLV in cats. Veterinary treatment usually focuses on treating any clinical signs themselves. The only way to prevent FeLV infection is to protect your cat from exposure to another FeLV+ cat or have your cat vaccinated against FeLV. FeLV+ cats, however, can cohabitate happily in the same home. If your cat has been diagnosed as FeLV+, a good healthy diet, regular veterinary checkups (every 6 months is recommended) and annual blood work are a priority in keeping your cat healthy. If you do notice any signs of illness, prompt evaluation and treatment is necessary to prevent secondary infections from progressing, as is true in all cases with a potentially sick cat.
It is important to realize that cats with FeLV can live normal, happy lives.
This article is based on information published on the Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Feline Health Center website
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